<h3 class="h3ResourceTitle">[[*longtitle]]</h3>

<h5 class="h5ResourceCategoryLinks"><a href="#audio">AUDIO FILES</a> -- <a href="#links">LINKS</a> -- <a href="#reading">FURTHER READING</a></h5>


<h3 class="h3ResourceCategory"><a name="audio">AUDIO FILES</a> <span class="spanExampleFile">(To download all WAV examples at once: <a href="[[downloadTrackerMint? &downloadURL=`[[$sitePrefixCMT]]SiteAudio/MSFTSS/Ch3/MSFTSS_Ch3_WAVs.zip`]]">59MB ZIP</a>)</span></h3>

<ul>

<li><strong>LFSineTones:</strong> [[playerWavMp3Button? &exampleNumber=`03.01` &exampleFile=`Ch3/MS0301_LFSineTones`]] Do not play this at high volumes or you may damage your speakers! This file contains a chromatic scale of sinewave tones spanning 24Hz-262Hz. In conjunction with the Table 1.1 in Section 1.4, you can use it to work out the resonant frequency of a speaker's port.<br><br></li>

<li><strong>ConeFlapper files:</strong> ConeFlapperOut [[playerWavMp3Button? &exampleNumber=`03.02` &exampleFile=`Ch3/MS0302_ConeFlapperOut`]] is a section of R&B-style backing track with well-controlled low end. Now compare it with ConeFlapperIn [[playerWavMp3Button? &exampleNumber=`03.03` &exampleFile=`Ch3/MS0303_ConeFlapperIn`]]. Do not play this at high volumes or you may damage your speakers! In the latter version a strong subsonic element in the kick drum eats up around 3dB of extra headroom in return for negligible audible change.<br><br></li>

<li><strong>Kick-drum Low-end Lag:</strong> Here are two examples of kick drums with sluggish low frequencies. The first [[playerWavMp3Button? &exampleNumber=`03.04` &exampleFile=`Ch3/MS0304_KickLag1Orig_MR1011`]] is more obvious, the second [[playerWavMp3Button? &exampleNumber=`03.05` &exampleFile=`Ch3/MS0305_KickLag2Orig_MR0903`]] more subtle. Compare these with the following versions, which have been processed to reduce the lag: first [[playerWavMp3Button? &exampleNumber=`03.06` &exampleFile=`Ch3/MS0306_KickLag1Proc_MR1011`]] and second [[playerWavMp3Button? &exampleNumber=`03.07` &exampleFile=`Ch3/MS0307_KickLag2Proc_MR0903`]]. For more information on the processing used, check out these two Mix Rescues: <a href="http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/nov10/articles/mixrescue-1110.htm">article 1</a>, <a href="http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/mar09/articles/mixrescue_0309.htm">article 2</a>.<br><br></li>

<li><strong>Restricting Low-end Contributions:</strong> A good example of the 'simplify the problem, simplify the solution' tactic mentioned in Section 3.5 can be heard in this <a href="http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/dec09/articles/mixrescue_1209.htm">Mix Rescue</a>. Here the three main electric-guitar layers [[playerWavMp3Button? &exampleNumber=`03.08` &exampleFile=`Ch3/MS0308_GtrA1_MR0912` &exampleNumber2=`03.09` &exampleFile2=`Ch3/MS0309_GtrA2_MR0912` &exampleNumber3=`03.10` &exampleFile3=`Ch3/MS0310_GtrA3_MR0912`]] were all high-pass filtered to make way for the bass guitar [[playerWavMp3Button? &exampleNumber=`03.11` &exampleFile=`Ch3/MS0311_GtrABass_MR0912`]], which itself was high-pass filtered to leave the bottom octaves for a sub-bass synth part [[playerWavMp3Button? &exampleNumber=`03.12` &exampleFile=`Ch3/MS0312_GtrASub_MR0912`]]. By combining all these elements [[playerWavMp3Button? &exampleNumber=`03.13` &exampleFile=`Ch3/MS0313_GtrA123BassSubMix_MR0912`]], you get an ensemble sound which still provides plenty of low end, but in a way that allows you more easily to work around low-frequency monitoring problems in your listening environment.<br><br></li>

</ul>

<h3 class="h3ResourceCategory"><a name="links">LINKS</a></h3>

<ul>

[[$MSRecommendedLogo]]<br><br>

<li><strong>Affordable Spectrum-analysis &amp; Level-metering Plug-ins:</strong>
Voxengo’s freeware [[$software_Voxengo_SPAN]] and Melda's freeware [[$software_Melda_MAnalyzer]] are very good for spectrum analysis, although I personally use Stillwell Audio’s affordable [[$software_StillwellAudio_Schope]] most of the time. For fully-featured full-band level metering, check out Sonalksis [[$software_Sonalksis_FreeG]] and Tischmeyer Technology's freeware <a href="http://www.dynamicrange.de/es/es/download#menu1"><i>TT Dynamic Range Meter</i></a>[[$softwareLogoMac]][[$softwareLogoWin]]. There's also LSR's freeware <a href="http://www.lsraudio.com/lvlmeter.html"><i>LVLMeter</i></a>[[$softwareLogoMac]][[$softwareLogoWin]] and Sleepy-Time DSP's freeware <a href="http://sleepytimedsp.com/downloads"><i>Stereo Channel</i></a>[[$softwareLogoWin]] which both provide nice stereo moving-coil displays for those who like the way that type of meter responds.<br><br></li>

</ul>

<h3 class="h3ResourceCategory"><a name="reading">FURTHER READING</a></h3>

<ul>

<li><strong>Audio Metering:</strong> If you'd like to know more about the mechanics of using audio metering, check out this nice little <a href="http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/jun00/articles/metring.htm">FAQ</a>.<br><br></li>

</ul>